![any-maze freezing nature mouse any-maze freezing nature mouse](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324898427/figure/fig3/AS:731581878640640@1551434120035/Control-groups-do-not-differ-in-their-defensive-responses-to-looming-threat-Refers-to.jpg)
The expression of 20 AD-related genes, including those involved in the processing of amyloid precursor protein, cytoskeleton, glucose metabolism, insulin signaling, synaptic function, protein kinases, and apoptosis, was altered, suggesting that STZ disturbs multiple metabolic and cell signaling pathways in the brain. We also observed an increase in tau hyperphosphorylation and neuroinflammation, a disturbance of brain insulin signaling, and a decrease in synaptic plasticity and amyloid β peptides in the brain after STZ treatment. We found that STZ exacerbated impairment of short-term and spatial reference memory in 3xTg-AD mice.
![any-maze freezing nature mouse any-maze freezing nature mouse](https://media.springernature.com/lw685/springer-static/image/art:10.1038%2Fnrn3677/MediaObjects/41583_2014_Article_BFnrn3677_Fig3_HTML.jpg)
To investigate the role of metabolic insults in AD, we injected streptozotocin (STZ), a diabetogenic compound if used in the periphery, into the lateral ventricle of the 6-month-old 3xTg-AD mice and studied the cognitive function as well as AD-like brain abnormalities, such as tau phosphorylation and Aβ accumulation, 3–6 weeks later.
Any maze freezing nature mouse plus#
We constructed a mouse PTSD model by electric foot-shocks followed by contextual reminders and verified the PTSD-related symptoms by behavior test (including contextual freezing test, open-field test, and elevated plus maze test). Longer hospital stays and poorer overall health were evident among Parkinson’s patients admitted to intensive care units (ICUs) in Brazil, but their likelihood of dying in an ICU was comparable to those of other patients, an 18-year analysis of hospital records found. However, the nature of overall changes in brain immunocyte landscape in PTSD condition remains unclear. The duration and walking distance in each arm were analyzed using an automated behavioral tracking software: TopScan/ObjectScan from CleverSystems for testing without optogenetic stimulation and ANY-maze (Stoelting IL, USA) for testing with optogenetic stimulation. Intracerebroventricular Streptozotocin Exacerbates Alzheimer-Like Changes of 3xTg-AD Mice Intracerebroventricular Streptozotocin Exacerbates Alzheimer-Like Changes of 3xTg-AD MiceĬhen, Yanxing Liang, Zhihou Tian, Zhu Blanchard, Julie Dai, Chun-ling Chalbot, Sonia Iqbal, Khalid Liu, Fei Gong, Cheng-XinĪlzheimer's disease (AD) involves several possible molecular mechanisms, including impaired brain insulin signaling and glucose metabolism. Parkinson’s Patients Needing ICU Care More Fragile Than Others: Study. The mouse was left in the maze for 5 min and video recorded.